Role of the FBI in the United States Criminal Justice System Research Paper

Role of the FBI in the United States Criminal Justice System - Research Paper Example Moreover, the FBI may also conduct investigations abroad but only if possible and if permitted by the government of the country in which it will conduct its investigation. The main concern of the FBI and the core of its mission is providing â€Å"criminal justice services to federal, state, municipal, and international agencies and partners† (â€Å"Overview,† 2012). This means that the role of the FBI encompasses and overlaps that of any law enforcement agency of the United States provided such a case is of a federal or national concern. The history of FBI began in July 1908 when then Attorney General Charles Bonaparte called for a small group of investigators that will report directly to the Department of Justice. This small group became known as the Bureau of Investigation or the BOI, and the first types of cases handled by the BOI included land fraud, copyright violations, prostitution, auto theft and other less serious crimes. In World War I, President Woodrow Wilson ordered the BOI to include among its tasks he investigations of possible espionage, sedition and sabotage. In 1924, when the BOI was under Director John Edgar Hoover, there was intensive demand for strict professionalism within the organization and this system of discipline has been implemented until now. In 1935, the BOI was renamed as the Federal Bureau of Investigation or FBI, and it was then that its tasks included the investigation of kidnapping cases and the new provision provided for FBI officials to carry weapons and make arrests. In the 195 0s, the FBI became very active in the suppression and control of riots and organized crimes during the Civil Rights Movement. However, it was only in 1995, after the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center, that the FBI began its work against domestic and international terrorism for the purpose of national security of the United States. In December 2004, the DI or Directorate

Platos’ Lysis or Friendship Essay Example for Free

Platos’ Lysis or Friendship Essay Socrates advised Hippothales that the latter should not be so generous with his praises for the person he admires and loves because it would only make the beloved egoistic and vain.   Socrates believed that Hippothales will end up losing him that way.   Hippothales adored Lysis and Socrates likened his pursuit to a hunter scaring his prey away. Socrates asked to meet Lysis and with Menexenus engaged in philosophical discussions of love, friendship, desires, good and evil.   Following were the thoughts of Plato through Socrates: One is not truly happy if he is not at liberty to do the things he wants. I disagree on this.   Given an unlimited freedom to do as he pleases may not necessarily make a man happy in the end.   If a person without money chose to rob a bank instead of finding a decent job, the consequences of his action will make him miserable. People love those whom they find useful and who serve certain ends to them. I agree.   They value those who have done them a favor, those who cared and nurtured them, and those whom they depend upon.   Children love their parents for feeding and clothing them when they were young to do those things for themselves.   Parents love their children for the joys they bring.   Patients love their doctors for treating them of their illness and nursing them back to health. These things can not be said of others who have never been a part of their life. Those who still need a teacher are without knowledge or wisdom and therefore have  nothing to be arrogant about. I disagree on two counts.   First, knowledge and wisdom do not always come from the confines of a classroom. Like they say, experience is a great teacher. We learn from everyday encounters.   How we handle what life throws our way is knowledge nobody can teach us.   Second, good deeds and honest life do not require exceptional knowledge or wisdom.   These are enough reasons for a simple man to be proud of. Do not put your beloved in an exalted position by singing praises and feeding his ego  unceasingly.   It would be best to have him see himself as he is. Agree.   Love is real and true if one tries to see the beloved for what he is and not make someone out of him that he is not him at all.   This is to say that the lover must not be blind to the faults and imperfections of the beloved. Love is not always reciprocated, the lover loves the beloved and the beloved may not  love him back, at worst even hate him. Disagree.   I would say that they become true lovers only at the time when they had both seen the virtues and accepted the flaws of each other. They would commit to a relationship only when they are able to find comfort in their love for each other. Men are hated by people they love and loved by people they hate. Slightly agree.   Yes, people may hate those they love but only for reasons that may not necessarily cause them to love less.   They may just be minor irritants, like the wife hating the husband for always being late for dinner.   Ã‚  On the other hand, loving those they hate is the superficial love of the voters to a president who despite his personal indiscretions have done wonders for the economy. A man may be his friend’s enemy and his enemy’s friend. Agree.   A friend is one’s moral guardian.   A friend would not hesitate to stop a man from committing sin or what might cause him pain later.   The friend might not take it well at first and such might cause them misunderstanding, at which point they become enemies.   On the other hand, if his enemy’s life is at stake and it is only the man who can save him and he does, then they at that instant become friends. Like attracts like. Disagree.   It is not always the case.   It is more common to find opposites that attract.   People have always gone for the excitement of others completely different from them.   New ideas and novel ways of doing things that may complement his own.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Plato, through Socrates, defended his philosophies with clarity and profundity that left Menexenus and Lysis in awe and admiration. References Stevenson, Daniel C. (1994-2000).   Lysis or Friendship by Platos.   Web Atomics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved April 29, 2008, from http://classics.mit.edu/Plato/lysis.1b.txt

Are Colleges Worth the Price of Admission? Essay -- community college,

In the past several years, there has been a growing trend in the number of college-bound individuals getting two-year degrees from community colleges or earning certification for their desired career field at vocational schools. Such schools certainly seem to have some valuable qualities: all boast of having lower costs than other colleges, of their absence of student loans, of allowing people to make more money quicker, of being narrowly focused so students don’t have to take classes they don’t need. They attempt to point out apparent weaknesses in liberal arts colleges as well, claiming that such an education is unnecessary in today’s world. However, for every reason to go to a community or two-year college, a vocational track, or an apprenticeship, there is another, stronger reason for going to a traditional, four-year college, and the liberal arts degree gained at four year colleges far outstrips the degree gained at a two year school or through a vocational track. Community colleges and vocational tracks are not wrong about the high cost of traditional higher education. According to the U.S. Department of Education’s National Center for Education Statistics, one year at a public, four-year institution costs upwards of $23,000 on average, while private institutions will cost nearly $10,000 more on average. Coupled with the fact that prices at public institutions rose 42 percent and private institutions rose 31 percent between 2001 and 2011, it’s not a shock that parents and students alike worry about paying for college. However, this won’t always be the case, as this rise in prices simply cannot continue the way it has. Eventually, people will be unable to pay the price that colleges charge. They will either settle for com... ...Academic Writing. Ed. Gerald Graff. 2nd ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2012. 179-189. Print. Murray, Charles. â€Å"Are Too Many People Going to College?† They Say/I Say: The Moves That Matter In Academic Writing. Ed. Gerald Graff. 2nd ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2012. 222-242. Print. Ungar, Sanford J. â€Å"The New Liberal Arts.† They Say/I Say: The Moves That Matter In Academic Writing. Ed. Gerald Graff. 2nd ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2012. 190-197. Print. Wallace, David Foster. â€Å"Kenyon Commencement Speech.† They Say/I Say: The Moves That Matter In Academic Writing. Ed. Gerald Graff. 2nd ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2012. 198-210. Print. Wilson, Robin. â€Å"A Lifetime of Student Debt? Not Likely.† They Say/I Say: The Moves That Matter In Academic Writing. Ed. Gerald Graff. 2nd ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2012. 256-273. Print.

Ernest Hemingway: a Farewell to Arms Essay

Is war ever justified? War has been a part of our society since the beginning of time. A Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemingway is a novel that deals with the justification and commitment to World War I. Frederic Henry, an American ambulance driver for the Italians, struggled to find the answer and ended up loosing his commitment to the war because of words and advice from the priest and his love for Catherine Barkley. He ended up running away from the war to be with his pregnant lover Catherine. Henry’s commitment to the war isn’t genuine. As Henry and the priest discussed who was winning the war at the moment and other subjects, they stated, â€Å"And the ones who would not make war? Can they stop it? † â€Å"I do not know. † â€Å"Have they ever been able to stop it? † â€Å"They are not organized to stop things and when they get organized their leaders sell them out. † â€Å"Then it’s hopeless† (Hemingway p71). In this dialogue, Henry feels as if there is nothing anyone can do to end the war. He feels as if he is stuck in it until he finally dies. He feels that it’s hopeless to carry on anymore if there is no sign of halting. This type of attitude shows he is not committed to the war. While Henry was talking to the priest, he stated, â€Å"They were beaten to start with†¦ put him in power and see how wise he is. † (Hemingway p179). Henry thinks that the people that are fighting with him have already lost from the start because it wasn’t their decision to fight. He’s suggesting that the peasants aren’t fighting their hardest. They were forced off there farms and expected to fight. Henry thinks because they have already been defeated that there is no way they are going to win the war. His attitude again shows that he is not committed or hopeful about the war. Later on when Henry is still talking to the priest they say, â€Å"I hoped for a long time for victory. † â€Å"Me too. † â€Å"Now I don’t know. † â€Å"It has to be one or the other. † â€Å"I don’t believe in victory any more. † â€Å"I don’t. But I don’t believe in defeat. Though it may be better. † (Hemingway p179). Henry is saying that he doesn’t believe in Victory or defeat, but defeat may be better. Henry believes that the only way out of this war is through defeat. The Germans will never give in so the only way for the war to end is through the Italians loosing. He is tired of this war and doesn’t care who wins anymore. If Henry was committed to this war, then he would stay with it until victory is ahead. Henry’s commitment to World War I is not genuine. He doesn’t feel like the war is going anywhere and is aggravated that no one has given in. He doesn’t care anymore who wins the war as long as it’s over. He is no longer committed and just wants to leave. Henry’s commitment was never genuine.

Looking for Alaska Essay

John Green’s 2006 novel Looking for Alaska personally affected me as I could relate to one of the main characters Miles (Pudge). The theme of belonging was also very relevant as this novel touches on the concern of Miles fitting into his new school and finding out how everything works at Culver Creek Preparatory. I directly can relate to Miles in this sense as I am still new and am trying to figure out how my new school works and also finding a friendship group that I am comfortable in. This novel is great because it raises questions about individuals understanding of true friendship, love, loyalty and having a sense of belonging. It shows the importance of truly living life to the fullest rather that just watching it fly by. The conflicts within the characters themselves lead readers inward to examine how much everyone needs a sense knowing where we belong. Pudge buys the cigarettes to show that he can be a part of his new friendship group’s crowd. A certain amount of peer pressure was probably involved, with Pudge worried about ‘fitting in’ and making friends. â€Å"The Colonel talked me into paying five dollars for a pack of Marlboro Lights I had no intention of ever smoking. † I think that by Miles giving into this peer pressure he would hope that it would make him feel more normal and apart of that what his friends were partaking in. The use of first person narrative point of view allowed me to experience things as Miles does. It gave me a deeper understanding of how he is affected by people, events and his own reactions and feelings as the novel progresses. This is no more clearly seen than in the event of Alaska dying, I was limited to Miles’ own feelings and emotions surrounding her death. The idea of guilt and loss becomes apparent as we see him struggle to deal with her death and the role he played in it, with him trying to figure out where he belongs. He experiences a loss of innocence as he is forced to re-evaluate his philosophy on life and find his own place in the world. Alaska’s death aids in Miles’ coming-of-age journey. â€Å"I felt the total loss of her, still reeling from the idea that she was not only gone from this world, but from them all† This can be very relatable for other audiences who might have suffered a great loss like Miles’. Looking for Alaska depicts many messages about one’s vital need to belong, some of which I can personally relate to. As well as other aspects of the novel that other audiences can personally relate to.

Early History of African American Inventors

Early History of African American Inventors Thomas Jennings, born in 1791, is believed to have been the first African American  inventor to receive a patent for an invention. He was 30 years old when he was granted a patent for a dry-cleaning process. Jennings was a free tradesman and operated a dry-cleaning business in New York City. His income went mostly to his abolitionist activities. In 1831, he became assistant secretary for the First Annual Convention of the People of Color in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Slaves were prohibited from receiving patents on their inventions. Although free African American  inventors were legally able to receive patents, most did not. Some feared that recognition and most likely the prejudice that would come with it would destroy their livelihoods. African American Inventors George Washington Murray was a teacher, farmer  and U.S. congressman from South Carolina from 1893 to 1897. From his seat in the House of Representatives, Murray was in a unique position to bring into focus the achievements of a people recently emancipated. Speaking on behalf of proposed legislation for a Cotton States Exhibition to publicize the South’s technological process since the Civil War, Murray urged that a separate space be reserved to display some of the achievements of Southern African Americans. He explained the reasons why they  should participate in regional and national expositions, saying: Mr. Speaker, the colored people of this country want an opportunity to show that the progress, that the civilization which is now admired the world over, that the civilization which is now leading the world, that the civilization which all nations of the world look up to and imitatethe colored people, I say, want an opportunity to show that they, too, are part and parcel of that great civilization. He  proceeded to read the names and inventions of 92 African American  inventors into the Congressional Record. Henry Baker What we know about early African American innovators comes mostly from the work of Henry Baker. He was an assistant patent examiner at the U.S. Patent Office who was dedicated to uncovering and publicizing the contributions of African American inventors. Around 1900, the Patent Office conducted a survey to gather information about these  inventors and their inventions. Letters were sent to patent attorneys, company presidents, newspaper editors and prominent African Americans. Henry Baker recorded the replies and followed up on leads. Baker’s research also provided the information used to select those inventions exhibited at the Cotton Centennial in New Orleans, the World’s Fair in Chicago and the Southern Exposition in Atlanta. By the time of his death, Henry Baker had compiled four massive volumes. First African American Woman to Patent Judy W. Reed may not have been able to write her name, but she patented a hand-operated machine for kneading and rolling dough. She is probably the first African American woman to obtain a patent. Sarah E. Goode is believed to have been the second African American woman to receive a patent. Race Identification Henry Blair was the only person to be identified in the Patent Office records as a colored man. Blair was the second African American inventor issued a patent. Blair was born in Montgomery County, Maryland, around 1807. He received a patent on October 14, 1834, for a seed planter, and a patent in 1836 for a cotton planter. Lewis Latimer Lewis Howard Latimer  was born in Chelsea, Massachusetts, in 1848. He enlisted in the Union Navy at the age of 15, and upon completion of his military service he returned to Massachusetts and was employed by a patent solicitor where he began the study of drafting. His talent for drafting and his creative genius led him to invent a method of making carbon filaments for the Maxim electric incandescent lamp. In 1881, he supervised the installation of electric lights in New York, Philadelphia, Montreal, and London. Latimer was the original draftsman for Thomas Edison and as such was the star witness in Edison’s infringement suits. Latimer had many interests. He was a draftsman, engineer, author, poet, musician and, at the same time, a devoted family man and philanthropist. Granville T. Woods Born in Columbus, Ohio, in 1856,  Granville T. Woods  dedicated his life to developing a variety of inventions relating to the railroad industry. To some, he was known as the Black Edison. Woods invented more than a dozen devices to improve electric railway cars and much more for controlling the flow of electricity. His most noted invention was a system for letting the engineer of a train know how close his train was to others. This device helped cut down accidents and collisions between trains. Alexander Graham Bell’s company purchased the rights to Woods’ telegraphony, enabling him to become a full-time inventor. Among his other top inventions were a steam boiler furnace and an automatic air brake used to slow or stop trains. Wood’s electric car was powered by overhead wires. It was the third rail system to keep cars running on the right track. Success led to lawsuits filed by Thomas Edison. Woods eventually won, but Edison didn’t give up easily when he wanted something. Trying to win Woods over, and his inventions, Edison offered Woods a prominent position in the engineering department of Edison Electric Light Company in New York. Woods, preferring his independence, declined. George Washington Carver When you can do the common things in life in an uncommon way, you will command the attention of the world.   George Washington Carver. He could have added fortune to fame, but, caring for neither, he found happiness and honor in being helpful to the world. George Washington Carver’s epitaph sums up a lifetime of innovative discovery. Born into slavery, freed as a child and  curious throughout life, Carver profoundly affected the lives of people throughout the nation. He successfully shifted Southern farming away from risky cotton, which depletes the soil of its nutrients, to nitrate-producing crops such as peanuts, peas, sweet potatoes, pecans, and soybeans. Farmers began rotating crops of cotton one year with peanuts the next. Carver spent his early childhood with a German couple who encouraged his education and early interest in plants. He received his early education in Missouri and Kansas. He was accepted into Simpson College in Indianola, Iowa, in 1877, and in 1891 he transferred to Iowa Agricultural College (now Iowa State University) where he earned a bachelor of science in 1894 and a masters in science in 1897. Later that year, Booker T. Washingtonfounder of the Tuskegee Instituteconvinced Carver to serve as the school’s director of agriculture. From his laboratory at Tuskegee, Carver developed 325 different uses for peanutsuntil then considered lowly food fit for hogsand 118 products from the sweet potato. Other Carver innovations include synthetic marble from sawdust, plastics from woodshavings and writing paper from wisteria vines. Carver only patented three of his many discoveries. God gave them to me, he said, How can I sell them to someone else? Upon his death, Carver contributed his life savings to establish a research institute at Tuskegee. His birthplace was declared a national monument in 1953, and he was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1990. Elijah McCoy So  you want the real McCoy? That means you want the real thing- what you know to be of the highest quality, not an inferior imitation. The saying may refer to a famous African American inventor named  Elijah McCoy. He earned more than 50 patents, but the most famous one was for a metal or glass cup that fed oil to bearings through a smallbore tube. Machinists and engineers who wanted genuine McCoy lubricators may have originated the term the real McCoy. McCoy was born in Ontario, Canada, in 1843the son of slaves who had fled Kentucky. Educated in Scotland, he returned to the United States to pursue a position in his field of mechanical engineering. The only job available to him was that of a locomotive fireman/oilman for the Michigan Central Railroad. Because of his training, he was able to identify and solve the problems of engine lubrication and overheating. Railroad and shipping lines began using McCoy’s new lubricators, and Michigan Central promoted him to an instructor in the use of his new inventions. Later, McCoy moved to Detroit where he became a consultant to the railroad industry on patent matters. Unfortunately, success slipped away from McCoy, and he died in an infirmary after suffering a financial, mental and physical breakdown. Jan Matzeliger Jan Matzeliger  was born in Paramaribo, Dutch Guiana, in 1852. He immigrated to the United States at age 18 and went to work in a shoe factory in Philadelphia. Shoes then were handmade, a slow tedious process. Matzeliger helped revolutionize the shoe industry by developing a  machine that would attach the sole to the shoe in one minute. Matzeligers shoe lasting machine adjusts the shoe leather upper snugly over the mold, arranges the leather under the sole and pins it in place with nails, while the sole is stitched to the leather upper. Matzeliger died poor, but his stock in the machine was quite valuable. He left it to his friends and to the First Church of Christ in Lynn, Massachusetts. Garrett Morgan Garrett Morgan  was born in Paris, Kentucky, in 1877. As a self-educated man, he went on to make an explosive entry into the field of technology. He invented a gas inhalator when he, his brother and some volunteers were rescuing a group of men caught by an explosion in a smoke-filled tunnel under Lake Erie. Although this rescue earned Morgan a gold medal from the City of Cleveland and the Second International Exposition of Safety and Sanitation in New York, he was unable to market his gas inhalator because of racial prejudice. However, the U.S. Army used his device as gas masks for combat troops during World War I. Today, firefighters can save lives because  by wearing a similar breathing device they are able to enter burning buildings without harm from smoke or fumes. Morgan used his gas inhalator fame to sell his patented traffic signal with a flag-type signal to the General Electric Company for use at street intersections to control the flow of traffic. Madame Walker Sarah Breedlove McWilliams Walker, better known as  Madame Walker, together with  Marjorie Joyner  improved the hair-care and cosmetics industry early in the 20th century. Madame Walker was born in 1867 in poverty-stricken rural Louisiana. Walker was the daughter of former slaves, orphaned at the age of 7  and widowed by 20. After her husband’s death, the young widow migrated to St. Louis, Missouri, seeking a better way of life for herself and her child. She supplemented her income as a wash woman by selling her homemade beauty products door-to-door. Eventually, Walker’s products formed the basis of a thriving national corporation employing at one point over 3,000 people. Her Walker System, which included a broad offering of cosmetics, licensed Walker Agents, and Walker Schools offered meaningful employment and personal growth to thousands of African American women. Madame Walker’s aggressive marketing strategy combined with relentless ambition led her to be labeled as the first known African American woman to become a self-made millionaire. An employee of Madame Walker’s empire, Marjorie Joyner, invented a permanent wave machine. This device, patented in 1928, curled or permed women’s hair for a relatively lengthy period of time. The wave machine was popular among women white and black allowing for longer-lasting wavy hairstyles. Joyner went on to become a prominent figure in Madame Walker’s industry, though she never profited directly from her invention, for it was the assigned property of the Walker Company. Patricia Bath Dr.  Patricia Bath’s  passionate dedication to the treatment and prevention of blindness led her to develop the Cataract Laserphaco Probe. The probe, patented in 1988, is designed to use the power of a laser to quickly and painlessly vaporize cataracts from patients’ eyes, replacing the more common method of using a grinding, drill-like device to remove the afflictions. With another invention, Bath was able to restore sight to people who had been blind for over 30 years. Bath also holds patents for her invention in Japan, Canada, and Europe. Patricia Bath graduated from the Howard University School of Medicine in 1968 and completed specialty training in ophthalmology and corneal transplant at both New York University and Columbia University. In 1975, Bath became the first African American woman surgeon at the UCLA Medical Center and the first woman to be on the faculty of the UCLA Jules Stein Eye Institute. She is the founder and first president of the American Institute for the Prevention of Blindness. Patricia Bath was elected to Hunter College Hall of Fame in 1988 and elected as Howard University Pioneer in Academic Medicine in 1993. Charles Drew - The Blood Bank Charles Drew- a Washington, D.C., native- excelled in academics and sports during his graduate studies at Amherst College in Massachusetts. He was also an honor student at McGill University Medical School in Montreal, where he specialized in physiological anatomy. It was during his work at Columbia University in New York City where he made his discoveries relating to the preservation of blood. By separating the liquid red blood cells from the near solid plasma and freezing the two separately, he found that blood could be preserved and reconstituted at a later date. The British military used his process extensively during World War II, establishing mobile blood banks to aid in the treatment of wounded soldiers at the front lines. After the war, Drew was appointed the first director of the American Red Cross Blood Bank. He received the Spingarn Medal in 1944 for his contributions. He died at the early age of 46 from injuries suffered in a car accident in North Carolina. Percy Julian - Synthesis of Cortisone Physostigmine Percy Julian  synthesized physostigmine for treatment of glaucoma and cortisone for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. He is also noted for a fire-extinguishing foam for gasoline and oil fires. Born in Montgomery, Alabama,  Julian had little schooling because Montgomery provided limited public education for African Americans. However, he entered DePauw University as a sub-freshman and graduated in 1920 as class valedictorian. He then taught chemistry at Fisk University, and in 1923 he earned a master’s degree from Harvard University. In 1931, Julian received his Ph.D. from the University of Vienna. Julian returned to DePauw University, where his reputation was established in 1935 by synthesizing physostigmine from the calabar bean. Julian went on to become director of research at the Glidden Company, a paint and varnish manufacturer. He developed a process for isolating and preparing soybean protein, which could be used to coat and size paper, create cold water paints and size textiles. During World War II, Julian used a soy protein to produce AeroFoam, which suffocates gasoline and oil fires. Julian was noted most for his synthesis of cortisone from soybeans, used in treating rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory conditions. His synthesis reduced the price of cortisone. Percy Julian was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1990. Meredith Groudine Dr. Meredith Groudine was born in New Jersey in 1929 and grew up in the streets of Harlem and Brooklyn. He attended Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, and received a Ph.D. in engineering science from the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. Groudine built a multimillion dollar corporation that is based on his ideas in the field of electrogasdynamics (EGD). Using the principles of EGD, Groudine successfully converted natural gas to electricity for everyday use. Applications of EGD include refrigeration, desalination of seawater and reducing the pollutants in smoke. He holds more than 40 patents for various inventions. In 1964, he served on the President’s Panel on Energy. Henry Green Parks Jr. The aroma of sausage and scrapple cooking in kitchens along the east coast of America  has made it a little easier for kids to get up in the morning. With quickened steps to the breakfast table, families enjoy the fruits of the diligence and hard work of Henry Green Parks  Jr. He started the Parks Sausage Company in 1951 using distinctive, tasty Southern recipes he developed for sausage and other products. Parks registered several trademarks, but the radio and television commercial featuring a child’s voice demanding More Parks Sausages, mom is probably the most famous. After consumer complaints about the youngster’s perceived disrespect, Parks added the word please to his slogan. The company, with meager beginnings in an abandoned dairy plant in Baltimore, Maryland, and two employees, grew into a multimillion-dollar operation with more than 240 employees and annual sales exceeding $14 million. Black Enterprise continually cited H.G. Parks, Inc., as one of the top 100 African American firms in the country. Parks sold his interest in the company for $1.58 million in 1977, but he remained on the board of directors until 1980. He also served on the corporate boards of Magnavox, First Penn Corp., Warner Lambert Co. and W.R. Grace Co., and was a trustee of Goucher College of Baltimore. He died on April 14, 1989, at the age of 72. Mark Dean Mark Dean and his co-inventor, Dennis Moeller, created a microcomputer system with bus control means for peripheral processing devices. Their invention paved the way for the growth in the information technology industry, allowing us to plug into our computers peripherals like disk drives, video gear, speakers, and scanners. Dean was born in Jefferson City, Tennessee, on March 2, 1957. He received his undergraduate degree in electrical engineering from the University of Tennessee, his MSEE from Florida Atlantic University and his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Stanford University. Early in his career at IBM, Dean was a chief engineer working with IBM personal computers. The IBM PS/2 Models 70 and 80 and the Color Graphics Adapter are among his early work. He holds three of IBM’s original nine PC patents. Serving as vice president of performance for the RS/6000 Division, Dean was named an IBM fellow in 1996, and in 1997 he received the Black Engineer of the Year President’s Award. Dean holds more than 20 patents and  was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1997. James West Dr.  James West  is a Bell Laboratories Fellow at Lucent Technologies where he specializes in electro, physical  and architectural acoustics. His research in the early 1960s led to the development of foil-electret transducers for sound recording and voice communication that is used in 90% of all microphones built today and at the heart of most new telephones being manufactured. West holds 47 U.S. and more than 200 foreign patents on microphones and techniques for making polymer foil-electrets. He has authored more than 100 papers and contributed to books on acoustics, solid state physics, and material science. West has received numerous awards including the Golden Torch Award in 1998 sponsored by the National Society of Black Engineers, the Lewis Howard Latimer Light Switch and Socket Award in 1989, and was chosen New Jersey Inventor of the Year for 1995. Dennis Weatherby While employed by Procter Gamble, Dennis Weatherby developed and received a patent for the automatic dishwasher detergent known by the trade name Cascade. He received his master’s degree in chemical engineering from the University of Dayton in 1984. Cascade is a registered trademark of the Procter Gamble Company. Frank Crossley Dr. Frank Crossley is a pioneer in the field of titanium metallurgy. He began his work in metals at the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago after receiving his graduate degrees in metallurgical engineering. In the 1950s, few African Americans were visible in the engineering fields, but Crossley excelled in his field. He received seven patents- five in titanium base alloys that greatly improved the aircraft and aerospace industry. Michel Molaire Originally from Haiti, Michel Molaire became  a research associate at the Office Imaging Research and Development Group of Eastman Kodak. You can thank him for some of your most treasured Kodak moments. Molaire received his bachelor of science degree in chemistry, a masters of science degree in chemical engineering and M.B.A. from the University of Rochester. He has been with Kodak since 1974. After receiving more than 20 patents, Molaire was inducted into Eastman Kodak’s Distinguished Inventor’s Gallery in 1994. Valerie Thomas In addition to a long, distinguished career at NASA, Valerie Thomas is also the inventor of and holds a patent for an illusion transmitter. Thomas’ invention transmits by cable or electromagnetic means a three-dimensional, real-time imageNASA adopted the technology. She  received several NASA awards, including the Goddard Space Flight Center Award of Merit and the NASA Equal Opportunity Medal.

An Analysis of the chess board scene in the Harry Potter video Essays

An Analysis of the chess board scene in the Harry Potter video Essays An Analysis of the chess board scene in the Harry Potter video Paper An Analysis of the chess board scene in the Harry Potter video Paper For my essay I have decided to analyse the chess board scene in the Harry Potter video and compare it with the book, paying a special attention towards the social and media significance, the technical features and appeals to the audience, furthermore the pattern and details of language presentation. The social significance in the Harry Potter video is that its go a universal appeal, it appeals to everyone both children and adults. The reason for that being is that there are a whole variety of accents in the video, which is what brought a wider audience in being fans of Harry Potter. The language is much more simplified in the video, which would make it easier for younger viewers to understand. Ron has a cockney Londoners accents, Harry with a standard well-spoken English. Hermiones viewers however would be the posh snobby people as her accent and manner shows it. Hagrid the half-giant man that has delivered Harry to the Dursley family when he was a baby has an up-north accent. Dumbledore the head master has a Scottish accent. The other social significance is that the storyline contains a moral issue with a slight adversity between normality and magic, which would appeal to the older viewers as good overcomes evil. And also as the video is visual its more successful than the book as you can see everything more clearly with a lot of excitement being added to. The media significance of making Harry Potter into a movie was that it has achieved attracting more audience throughout, as it was a best seller. It has also taken more money than any other film in the first week. The way the media has achieved this is by putting a lot of extras in the film such as building up the storyline, making it more enjoyable. They did this is by using a lot of special effects to make it as believable as possible, which makes the movie more exciting. The start of this scene in the book it says that is very much dark they couldnt see at all. This has being exaggerated a little bit as in the video as dark as it might be, they in fact could tell what it was as they identified the chess board pretty much straight after Harry, Hermione and Ron entered the room. The video uses the music and the camera angles to show feeling, whereas the book just says it through writing; Ron, Hermione and Harry shivered slightly, This is how J. K Rowling describes feeling, which is not as exiting. And also in the book is so much shorter in the chess scene than in the video, and is not as violent. And yet the film is being given a PG it could get quite horrendous for little ones in this scene as it so violent. The video starts with a very mysterious music with a lot of banging effects. The language is very much simplified for example when Harry checkmates the king in the end, in the book he doesnt shout out checkmate he just moves a step forward. A lot of changes has being made in the video, because is visual and therefore the music, camera angles, costumes has all got to link in order to make the details and pattern presentation perfect. This would make it more dramatic to create the climax For example the costume is very casual in this scene Harry is wearing a red t-shirt and jeans Ron the same jeans and t-shirt, and Hermione with a little skirt with a simple top. The red t-shirt Harry is wearing for example symbolises war and blood. However when the chessboard is first seen the music gets louder in a sort of crescendo with a battle vibe background, the music increases its loudness to create a sense of excitement, and at the same time it gets brighter. The set of swords that stop them leaving the room as the walk on to get across the room symbolises war, but this little scene doesnt get mentioned in the book. For ones throughout the book and the film this scene is Rons moments of glory as he takes charge. And is the reason why the camera angles gets closer to Rons face each time hes giving out instructions to show facial expression, which makes it dramatic as you see how brave he is as scare as he might be. The scenery at the same time is very much bright as all the background in the chessboard is lit with fire. There is a great sense of enormous power as the chess moves; a sound effect of grated stones is being used to make it sound huge, as it looks it too. The drumbeats sound effects make it sound scary and yet again symbolises war. The pieces get animated it becomes alive with a similar human movements. As the game goes on the media cuts it down bit by bit to create suspense, and fasten up the scene. All these changes that has being made to the video made it more successful and more enjoyable at the same time created by lots of sound effects, and whole variety of special effects to create the movements of large creatures such as the trolls. And at the end when Ron realises what must be done, he sacrifices himself in order to help his friend. In the book is not as sad as in the film, because the music slows down as Ron says the queen will take me, and that leaves you to checkmate the king Harry. In this bit Hermione seems like shes crying and says No in a very dramatic way that it makes you feel sad. The reason for that is the music makes it sound more dramatic with its sound effects in way that would be impossible for a book to offer. The lighting at that point changes into a more subtle clear light, aiming specially towards Ron to show what hes expression are like. And as he orders the Night to make hes move in the book it says she struck Ron hard around the head her stone in the head and he crashed to the floor. However in the video the queen doesnt struck Ron on the head but he does crash on the floor. There is a slight similarity between the book and the video, but with a lot of changes made such as not saying the exact words in the book, but simplifying the language a whole lot more. Furthermore as there is so much in the book, the produces cuts down certain scenes, for it would go a whole lot longer. The troll and the potion scenes that was supposed to be straight after the chess scene is not in the video, as the video goes straight to where the mirror was. The reason for that is that the film would go a whole lot longer if it wasnt for the scenes to be shortened out.

How to Use the Spanish Verb Quitar

How to Use the Spanish Verb Quitar With a basic meaning of to remove, the everyday Spanish verb quitar has a wider variety of meanings than the simple translation might suggest. Common translations, depending on the context, include to remove, to take away, to diminish, to eliminate, and to take off. Although it may have a distant etymological connection with the English word quiet, quitar doesnt have a related meaning, although it can be used to mean quit when used in a particular phrase as shown in the final entry below. Quitar Meaning ‘To Remove’ To remove is the simplest and most common meaning for quitar, and the other meanings overlap with it. Note how you can vary the translation considerably depending on the context. For example, while it is common in English to say you can remove your clothes, you can also take them off. But while you can remove a television from your room, you dont take it off, although you might take it out. Me quità © los zapatos y no sà © dà ³nde los dejà ©. (I took off my shoes and dont know where I left them.)Quiero que quites esos libros de mi casa. (I want you to take those books out of my house.)Con toda delicadeza y cuidado, Peter le quità ³ la astilla con su cuchillo. (Very delicately and carefully, Peter removed the sliver with his knife.)Un paciente necesita tomar la medicina por 7 a 10 dà ­as para quitar la infeccià ³n completamente. (A patient needs to take the medicine for seven to 10 days in order to completely get rid of the infection.) ¡Quà ­tate de mi camino! (Get out of my way! Literally, get yourself out of my path!) Quitar for ‘Take’ or ‘Take Away’ In some contexts, removal can suggest the taking of something. Where the taking is involuntary, quitar sometimes has the meaning of to rob. Robin Hood le quità ³ el dinero a los ricos. (Robin Hood stole money from the rich.)Le quitaron el record a Palermo. (They took the record away from Palermo.)El ladrà ³n me quità ³ todas mis pertenencias. (The thief robbed me of all my belongings.)El trabajo me quita muchas horas del dà ­a. (Work uses up many of my hours of the day.)La gente nos quitaba las bolsas de manzanas y melocotones de las manos. (The people took the bags of apples and peaches out of our hands.) Using Quitar With Reference to Feelings Quitar sometimes refers to the removal or elimination of emotions or feelings. Translations can vary with the feeling affected. Podemos disfrutar un sorbo que nos quitar la sed. (We can enjoy a sip that will quench our thirst.)Quiero quitar el dolor de muelas sin ir al dentista. (I want to end my dental pain without going to the dentist.)Las Tic Tacs tienen solo dos calorias cada una y te quitan el hambre. (Tic Tacs have only two calories apiece and take away your hunger.)Tenà ­amos un montà ³n de informes favorables que nos quitaron el miedo. (We had a mountain of good news that overcame our fear.)Los drogas me quitaron la felicidad de abrazar a mi hijo. (The drugs robbed me of the joy of hugging my son.) Quitar for Quitting The phrase quitarse de, which literally means to remove oneself from, can be used to mean to quit when followed by a noun or infinitive. Dejar is used more often for this purpose, however. Hoy es el dà ­a de quitarse de Facebook. (Today is the day to quit Facebook.)Recuerdo que se quità ³ de fumar por un problema de pulmà ³n. (I remember that she quit smoking because of a lung problem.) Grammar Tips for Quitar You may understand some of the sample sentences better if you have a strong understanding of indirect objects and reflexive pronouns, as quitar is often used with them. Possessive adjectives are also important to learn when el and la are used as the equivalent of words such as my and your.

My Desired Goals and Objectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

My Desired Goals and Objectives - Essay Example After our arrival in the United States, I decided to do some job so that I could remain busy. My strength in speaking fluent English, German, and some French immediately gave me the idea to look for a job at an international firm. As I was going through job advertisements, I realized that bookkeepers were quite in demand in the United States. So I joined an accounting training program to learn how to do bookkeeping with the QuickBooks software, learning the American way of accounting at the same time. Graduating from a business high school, I already knew how to do bookkeeping. Moreover, I had also gained some management skills by completing an associate degree in Fashion Merchandising Management from the Budapest Business School and by working as a professional in a company located in Budapest. Working for the Levi Strauss Ltd. in Budapest provided me with the managerial experience in an international environment. After four months of continuous job search, I was able to find a bookkeeper/office manager job in Les MÃ ©talliers Champenois, which was, at that time, an affiliated company located in New Jersey. The parent company was located in France whereas LMC was the affiliated company having French owners. The reason behind affiliation with the American company was the change in the market trend in France. Due to change in the market trend, the parent company started developing a new line of product, reorganizing its facility, and developing a new production line. The bronze casements, such as, windows and doors, were not unique in the market. Therefore, the parent company in France decided to start a new affiliated company in the U.S. to sell the new line of products, bronze windows, and door casements. Although both companies shared the same name and had the same line of products but they were different in organization and management. During my interview for the job in that company, I trie d to stress on the benefits that the company could get by hiring me instead of talking about the great opportunity of doing job in that company. I also did not talk anything about how the job could allow me to do the things that I had never done before. I was very focused about the benefits which I could bring for the company, allowing the interviewers to see how deeply I was interested in that job. I had learned a long time ago that taking on additional responsibilities would definitely provide me with an experience that would pay off later in my life. As the location was just across the street of their other affiliated company, I was hired to set up a new office and to perform all administrative tasks with a help of a French intern. Although the task was quite challenging but it was very exciting at the same time. In the new building, we really had to start from the scratch. We had to purchase furnishing, computers, office machines, and supplies for the new building. There was als o a bathroom that had to be remodeled to accommodate all New Jersey regulations. I had to find a suitable contractor who could perform the work in the shortest time with a friendly budget. I was able to find a contractor who was willing to work with one of our employee from our LMC workshop that also helped to reduce the final cost of remodeling. After submitting all documents and a copy of work permit to the city of Paterson, the work started. Our budget was somewhat tight, so we tried to save money on labor and buy used

Judicial Activism and Constitutional Interpretation Assignment

Judicial Activism and Constitutional Interpretation - Assignment Example The United States of America has a checking system of judicial activism to ensure that it is minimal and public interests are mostly protected. According to Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of Law, judicial activism is "the practice in the judiciary of protecting or expanding individual rights through decisions that depart from established precedent or are independent of or in opposition to supposed constitutional or legislative intent". The supporters of judicial interpretations have different philosophies and the most debated among them are strict constructionists and those who believe in the living constitution.   A strict constructionist is one who believes that the words and phrases used in the law and constitution are static and hence there are limited instances of interpretations. U.S. Supreme Court nominee John Roberts has been dubbed a "strict constructionist" -- someone who believes the U.S. Constitution should be interpreted exactly as its original authors intended† (Chadwick Alex).   The main outcome of this philosophy is that judgment is based on what is written in the law and not on what it should be. Some of the popular supporters of this argument include the Supreme Court of the United States Justice Hugo Black and former U.S. Chief Justice William Rehnquist, and Chief Justice of Australia, Owen Dixon. In contrast to the strict constructionism, living constitutionalists are of the view that the law words and phrases are not static and should be treated as living and dynamic and they must be interpreted in such a manner that they are useful for the changing societal needs. As opined by David Dieteman on a living constitution, it is â€Å"one of the most nefarious influences in the minds of Americans is the notion that the federal constitution of 1787 (the "U.S. Constitution") is a "living" document† (Dieteman David). Therefore, the words and phrases in the law and constitution framed by Congress do not mean the same thing at different time points.  

Financial Management Discussion Week 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Financial Management Discussion Week 7 - Essay Example Prototyping being the first stage requires entrepreneurs to keenly listen to prospective customers. Cheap and simple prototypes, however, should be built for the purpose of acquiring customer feedback. This level advocates for invested labor and credit card borrowing to finance the venture. At this stage trying to produce any venture capital would be fruitless except when the business can prove that it may make profits at early stages (Brooks, 2012). A vivid business model should follow the proof to offer a powerful bargaining upper hand with a venture capitalist. Customer base is useful especially after finding a customer who is willing and capable of paying for the final prototype. Also if one might want to ask capital from angel investors or family members who might want to buy a lesser stake in the particular company. At this level, the business or entrepreneur can raise money from many people who cannot scheme to oust the founder. Some Companies start g capital at this level even though it is advisable to wait and proceed with the activity at the third stage (Lawrence, 2010). Expansion is another process implemented after acquiring a trivial share of the market segment and surprisingly when also the growth of the company becomes stunted. Acquiring a new market becomes a vital activity while developing and updating products. At this level the startup CEO is in a position to discuss with capital providers because the venture is lucrative. The exit is the final process where the entrepreneur sells the business to a customer or gives a public offering (Baron, 2011). Sadly after the initial public offer is done most entrepreneurs leave their business because of the boredom brought about by the administration of a sluggishly growing publicly traded business. A company can raise capital using various ways for different uses depending on the financial necessities or on the size and nature

Principles of Microeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Principles of Microeconomics - Essay Example The limitations need to be worked upon so that sanity could prevail within the related domains. The limits and constraints that make it so hard to achieve include the fact that man has at times over-utilized these resources which has made them scant. The limitations have come about with the passage of time and need to be analyzed and researched upon properly within the future. 2. A big debate in both politics and economics is the extent to which the government should be involved in stabilizing the economy through taxing and spending measures. Do you think that government is involved too much, too little, or just enough these days? The role of the government within the taxing and spending measures is a bit too much. It should work upon making sure that the goals and objectives of its very basis are being handled well more than anything else. This will resolve a number of disputes and long standing issues within the relevant scheme of things. The economic role should be allotted to the people who can do the best possible jobs. This could even include the relevant departments and units which are specialized to undertake such tasks and activities. This will make sure that the taxing and spending measures are being amicably taken care of within any nation of the world. 3. Over the past several years, prices for personal computers and related computer equipment have fallen dramatically, but suppliers have offered more and more of them for sale. Does this refute the law of supply? Explain how this situation may have occurred in the market for personal computers. The supply and demand philosophy banks on the more the customers buy over a period of time, the demand goes up and the supply becomes lesser. This is vice versa in the case of the supply being more and demand being less, and hence the price variations are very direct and have a long-lasting consequence. The law of supply has not been refuted under such a situation as there is an overall increase in the wake of understanding the supply and demand of personal computers and computer related equipment. The situation has come about in the wake of the personal computers because people have relied more on laptops and hence the price ranges of the personal computers have come down considerably. 4. Discuss this statement: "Health care is too expensive. The government should limit the prices doctors charge so that everyone can afford health care." It is a fact that the price of health care has crossed the limits. This is the reason why doctors have been able to make big bucks out of the related settings that the patients find themselves engulfed within. The role of the government under such situations is of immense significance. This is because the government has to wrest its initiatives more than anything else. It needs to make sure that the health care is reasonably priced and is not too costly for the poor and needy. In fact, the people should receive it free of cost as health is essential oneà ¢â‚¬â„¢s priority number one. The prices that these doctors charge is just too much and the affordability aspect is an important consideration that must be taken into proper perspectives before one can suggest that the health care is not expensive any more. 5. You hear a candidate for the United States Congress state that a tax on corporate stocks is an equitable way for the government to raise revenue, because it only affects the very wealthy. Evaluate this statement. The United States C

The Nature and Scope of Fraud and Fakery in International Business Term Paper

The Nature and Scope of Fraud and Fakery in International Business - Term Paper Example Before understanding the nature and scope of fraud and activities related to it, it is important to understand what is meant by the term â€Å"Fraud†. In its simplest meanings, fraud can be considered an act of deceiving another with the intention of gaining something as a result. Fraud is illegal because it involves misrepresentation, deception, and trickery. It is pertinent to distinguish fraud from errors considered as unintentional (Singleton & Singleton, 2010; Davia, Coggins, Wideman, & Kastantin, 1992; Albrecht, Albrecht, Albrecht, & Zimelman, 2009). As for instance, incorrectly entering the wrong amount in an invoice and receiving or giving incorrect amount by mistake does not account for fraud. In fact, it is the thought of deception which distinguishes a mistake from a fraud. The Oxford Dictionary defines fraud as: On the other hand, the government of UK on its official website has provided a broad definition of fraud in relation to international trade. The definition provided by the government of UK is as follows: Apart from these definitions, another version of the definition for fraud is provided in the Webster Dictionary, which seems to be more explanatory, simple and convincing. The definition is as follows: â€Å"In law, the deliberate misrepresentation of fact for the purpose  of depriving someone of a valuable possession or legal right. Any omission or concealment that is injurious to another or that allows a person to take unconscionable advantage of another may constitute criminal fraud. The most common type of fraud is the obtaining of property by giving a check for which there are insufficient funds in the signer's account. Another is the assumption of someone else's or a fictitious identity with the intent to deceive. Also important are mail and wire fraud (fraud committed by use of the postal service or electronic devices, such as telephones or computers).†Ã‚  

The oil and gas industry in China Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The oil and gas industry in China - Case Study Example China’s plight may have been averted. China government should have executed efficient corporate governance and guarantee that the oil and gas industry recognized it as a strategy for the government’s accountability to improve the legal, institutional and regular framework. Consequently, the corporations would ensure their operational performance and attract international capital in order to stabilize the domestic industry. This would have enabled the industry to keep up with the increased domestic demand and continue exporting of oil and gas. The Chinese government should have implemented the privatization of the oil and gas industry in order to encourage healthy competition. This would result in superior mining production of oil and gas enough for domestic use and export. From this case, we learn the pertinence of an efficient corporate governance model for companies in business. We also learn that a company’s success in both local and international business ope rations is largely attributed to international standards of corporate governance. We learn that businesses should be free of political interference to ensure success. Therefore, the separation of ownership and control of the main players of the oil and gas industry ensures companies are run with minimal influence from local party committees.As a business professional in 2012, it is vital to read this because the case study demonstrates to me a practical scenario of the effects on both the internal and external environments to a business.

The Nature and Scope of Fraud and Fakery in International Business Term Paper

The Nature and Scope of Fraud and Fakery in International Business - Term Paper Example Before understanding the nature and scope of fraud and activities related to it, it is important to understand what is meant by the term â€Å"Fraud†. In its simplest meanings, fraud can be considered an act of deceiving another with the intention of gaining something as a result. Fraud is illegal because it involves misrepresentation, deception, and trickery. It is pertinent to distinguish fraud from errors considered as unintentional (Singleton & Singleton, 2010; Davia, Coggins, Wideman, & Kastantin, 1992; Albrecht, Albrecht, Albrecht, & Zimelman, 2009). As for instance, incorrectly entering the wrong amount in an invoice and receiving or giving incorrect amount by mistake does not account for fraud. In fact, it is the thought of deception which distinguishes a mistake from a fraud. The Oxford Dictionary defines fraud as: On the other hand, the government of UK on its official website has provided a broad definition of fraud in relation to international trade. The definition provided by the government of UK is as follows: Apart from these definitions, another version of the definition for fraud is provided in the Webster Dictionary, which seems to be more explanatory, simple and convincing. The definition is as follows: â€Å"In law, the deliberate misrepresentation of fact for the purpose  of depriving someone of a valuable possession or legal right. Any omission or concealment that is injurious to another or that allows a person to take unconscionable advantage of another may constitute criminal fraud. The most common type of fraud is the obtaining of property by giving a check for which there are insufficient funds in the signer's account. Another is the assumption of someone else's or a fictitious identity with the intent to deceive. Also important are mail and wire fraud (fraud committed by use of the postal service or electronic devices, such as telephones or computers).†Ã‚  

Homework Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Homework - Speech or Presentation Example He clocks the speeds of 20 randomly selected cars and 20 randomly selected trucks two miles after a major safety sign. Which statistical test should be used to determine whether drivers of cars and drivers of trucks are differentially affected by safety signs? C. A researcher wants to test whether there is a relationship between political party affiliation and education. She randomly selects 500 people and, for each, notes political party affiliation (Republican, Democrat, Neither) and highest degree earned (high school, college, graduate). Which statistical test should be used to determine whether there is a relationship between political party affiliation and education? D. In a study of group productivity, subjects worked in groups of various sizes to develop new computer software. Subjects were randomly assigned to work in groups of two, ten, or fifteen. Which statistical test should be used to determine whether group size has an effect on productivity? A psychologist at a private mental hospital was asked to determine whether there was any clear difference in the length of stay of patients with different categories of diagnosis. Looking at 4 patients in each of the three major categories, the results (in terms of weeks of stay) were as follows: Therefore, the mean between drug related conditions and cognitive behavior are similar. However, the mean between behavior and drug related and, the mean between behavior and cognitive are also different. In a study on the effect of the invasion of personal space, experimenters approached pedestrians walking alone and asked them for directions. When the pedestrian started giving directions, the experimenter took a step toward him/her. An observer then noted whether the pedestrian responded to this invasion of personal space by staying where he/she was, by taking a step forward, or by taking a step back. The table below shows

Organizational Change Essay Example for Free

Organizational Change Essay Structure for Multinational Corporations: Converting a business into a Multinational organization is a complex task as it involves controlling of multiple variables with the internal and external environment of the corporation growing considerably. In order to make the task of structuring the organization easier, many multinationals simply opt to organize their business according to their geographic location and the placement of their international operations. This form of an organizational structure is simply known as the geographic based structure. However other forms of organizational structuring are also possible like â€Å"worldwide functional, worldwide product, international division, area, and matrix structures. † (Daniels, Pitts, Tretter, 1984) It is also possible for a multinational organization to have a mixed type of organizational structure which is a combination of the above mentioned structure types. The reason for this is because no organization has a finite environment and as a result it experiences different personnel dynamics. Some of the complications which come about due to these personnel dynamics are that â€Å"there may be uncertainty about who has the authority over certain decisions, especially if dual relationships exist with line and staff personnel. Managers may continue to use old labels even though the organization has changed; or a structural type may be referred to before it is completely in place. † (Daniels, Pitts, Tretter, 1984) Problem Statement: The problem that has been identified for the multinational corporation in this case is the lack of a proper chain of command for authority and delegation, which is required. This means that the organization now needs to be structured in order to have a systematic flow for operations and reporting both in the international locations and well as the local ones. Factors Effecting Multinational Corporations: The factors that are affecting this organization particularly relate to the diversity in its international locations which is going to influence the organizational design. The changes in organizational parameters such as size, diversity, foreign activity, and personnel deployment patterns often lead to shifts in multinational structure. † (Daniels, Pitts, Tretter, 1984) Other factors that influence the structure of the organization include the culture of the personnel in the working at the international locations, their work ethics, the training provided to the locals in the international locations, the kind of operations being carried out in the international location and the priority of these operations relative to the worldwide operations of the business. The Stopford and Wells model helped in identifying that multinationals with a low percentage of foreign sales and product diversity usually have structures based on the international division while those having higher degree of product diversity and low percentage of foreign sales are based on worldwide product division structures. â€Å"The international strategies involve relatively high percentages of foreign sales and the supporting structures tend to be high integration structures† (Egelhoff, 1980). Organizational Structure for the Organization: The symptoms of the problem mentioned above show that the staff of the organization at the international location is demoralized and has no sense of belonging to the organization. This is true due to the undefined nature of the corporation. By specifically identifying the chain of command and authority levels, a link between the international branches and the head office will be created which will help in encouraging a sense of belonging and purpose in the personnel. The structure of this organization will be such that the center of command and operations would be the head office in the U. S. There would be regional division based on the geographic location with a regional head office in every region. These regional head offices will be monitoring the operations in countries which come under their jurisdiction. In this manner, the reporting in the organization will be hierarchical, with the international operations reporting to their regional head quarters and the regional headquarters reporting to the head quarters in the U. S. Using this hierarchy, their would be localized operations in each country with a code of conduct dictated by the headquarters in the US. This will allow for cultural diversity in the international operations and help satisfy the personnel that they are not second class to those in the U. S. office. As the regional head office will be monitoring and controlling operations in the countries which come under it, the complaints and conflicts between the international operations will be handled by the regional head quarters whose decision would be much more acceptable to the personnel in the international offices. This kind of organizational structure will be matrix in nature where is will be dependent on the geographic location of the operations as well as the functionality of the operation divisions. â€Å"Organizing as a matrix helps bridge the gap between the international division’s inherent weakness and the commitment for fully integrated operations. †(Herbert, 1984)

Syd Barrett :: essays research papers

Born on January 6, 1946, Roger Keith Barrett was raised in CambridgeEngland. He was given the nickname "Syd" as a youngster, while attending the city's High School, where his friends included Roger Waters and David Gilmour, and it stuck with him as he grew up. In his late teens, after his father died, he started producing paintings and music. He was an originating member of The Abdabs, The T-Sets, Sigma 6, and other names such as The Meggadeaths, in 1965. He worked with people like Bob Close, Roger Waters, Nick mason, and Richard Wright. When Bob Close left the band, Syd renamed the group The Pink Floyd Sound, named after the cover of an album of two american bluesmen, Pink Anderson, and Floyd Council. Syd wrote almost everything for The Pink Floyd Sound, then The Pink Floyd finally renamed just Pink Floyd), he played guitar, sung, and wrote the music and the lyrics as well. The other Cambridge native forming The Pink Floyd were Roger Waters (bass), Rick Wright (keyboards), and Nick Mason (drums). Within weeks the new line-up had rehearsed at the Thompson Private Record Company, a tiny studio sited in the basement of a house in Hemel, Hampstead. Here they recorded two songs; an original hinged to the Gloria riff entitled Lucy Leave and a version of Slim Harpo's I'm a King Bee already made famous by the Rolling Stones. At first, The Pink Floyd were a much more conventional act that the act into which they would evolve, concentrating on the rock and R&B material that were so common to the repertoires of mid-'60s British bands. Syd's influences were the Stones, Beatles, Byrds and Love," the group's first manager, Pete Jenner, told Nick Kent, adding at Barrett wore out his copy of the last-named group's debut album. "I was trying to tell him about this Arthur Lee song I couldn't remember the title of, so I just hummed the main riff. Syd picked up his guitar, followed what I was humming, and went on to use the chord pattern he worked out for 'Interstellar Overdrive'. Pink Floyd then began to experiment, however, stretching out songs with wild instrumental freak-out passages incorporating feedback, electronic screeches, and unusual, eerie sounds created by loud amplification, reverb, and such tricks as sliding ball bearings up and down guitar strings. In 1966, they began to pick up a following in the London underground; onstage, they began to incorporate light shows to add to the psychedelic effect.

Analysis of Archibald Lampmans The City of the End of Things Essay

Analysis of Archibald Lampman's The City of the End of Things       Iron Towers. Terrible flames.   Inhuman music, rising and falling.   Grim depths and abysses, where only night holds sway and gruesome creatures crawl before their awesome Master.   Through these disturbing images, and a masterful adaptation of the sonnet structure, Archibald Lampman summons forth The City of the End of Things.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The nameless City he creates is a place of mechanical slavery and despair, where Nature cannot exist, and human life is forfeit.   The place is a veritable Hell; no, worse than a hell - it is Tartarus.   By evoking the name of this, the most feared of realms in classical Mythology, Lampman roots his poem, and thus his City and message, in Greek and Roman legend.   This is very important since, by wrapping the poem within a mythological narrative, it automatically begins to undermine any attempt to enforce Christian (and other) readings upon it.   It becomes important to understand exactly what is intended by the usage of 'Tartarus', and precisely how deeply it permeates the structure of the poem.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tartarus was not just another realm within the classical world - it was a land beyond Hades, beyond the Underworld, lying as far below hell as the Earth lay below Heaven; is was said that an anvil would fall for nine days before reaching it.   It was a land of exile, a prison for those who displeased the current ruling hierarchy of Gods and divine beings.   Uranus imprisoned his first children there; the Titans, having overthrown their father, threw the Cyclops into Tartarus - only to take their place once Zeus' rebellion disposed of the despotic giants.   It soon became a place of such fear that the mere threa... ...in fact, seem insanely chaotic.   Our mindless support of self-centred political systems, of abuse of fellow human beings of different nationalities - it may well have appeared quite insane to him.   The poem, therefore, delivers a strong message of warning: we must develop a stronger awareness, a care of what is happening, lest we, the collective we - humanity, the 'Idiot', are left in the ruins of our effort, alone, forever.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Works Cited Grimal, Pierre.   "Tartarus"   The Dictionary of Classical Mythology.     Ã‚   New York: Blackwell, 1986.   p.443. Lampman, A.   "The City of the End of Things."   Canadian Poetry:    From the Beginnings Through the First World War.   Ed. Gerson, C and Davies, G.   Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1994.   259-262. Tripp, Edward.   "Tartarus"   Crowll's Handbook of Classical Mythology.   New York: Crowell, 1970.   p.545.

Argument Paper Fast Food Essay

Zinczenko is saying that common sense would say it is personal responsibility to be an active eater and know what you are putting in your mouth. In discussions of fast-food obesity, one controversial issue has been the lack of the nutritional facts. On the one hand people should do research before they eat instead of blaming fast-food places. On the other hand the nutritional facts should be placed on the food itself. In my opinion, personal responsibility should be taken for what you eat because fast-food places are not forcing you to eat their food. For instance common sense says something that is dunked in grease and cooked in five minutes cannot be good for you. Becoming obese from fast-food is the result of no self-control. Grease in itself contains many calories and causes many problems with blood pressure, cholesterol and type two diabetes. Zinczenko states, â€Å"Today According to the National Institutes of Health, type 2 diabetes accounts for at least 30 percent of all new childhood cases of diabetes on this country† (Zinczenko 154). Type 2 diabetes is obesity related and a serious disease. Poulin 2 Common sense tells you eating two meals a day, in a fast-food restaurant, will cause you to gain weight. This unhealthy weight gain tells people that there is a problem to the way they are eating and it is not the washer shrinking their jeans. Instead of walking into McDonalds kids can walk into Subway and try a sandwich that is healthier and cost about the same as the huge meals they can get at McDonalds. There are healthier alternatives that re just as fast and taste as good as burger joints. Although I grant that many people might say there is no way of knowing how many calories are in fast-food meal has because of the lack of nutritional labels, labels are readily available on fast-food websites. The labels would not change the fact that it is personal responsibility to know that something that has been smothered in grease has no nutritional value. On the one hand, I agree with people that labels should be put on fast-food explaining what is in the food. But on the other hand, I still insist that people should do the research if labels are the main concern of nutritional values. Just because people have labels explaining the fat content does not mean they will stop eating the food. This is where personal responsibility needs to come into play. When people find out what really is in the food and the content of fat people need to be active and make the right decision to not add fast-food into their daily diets. Self-control is a huge factor here and people need to take charge, putting themselves in charge of a healthy lifestyle. In the end it is only the consumer who can control what they consume not the companies and blame cannot be put on that one party. Proponents of fast-food restaurants causing obesity are right to argue that the food causes you to gain weight when you eat it regularly, it is cheap, it is easily accessible, and it is catered to children. But they exaggerate when they claim that fast-food is the number one reason for child obesity in the United States. Poulin 3 You can argue that children who sit in front of video games and computers all day long are a huge contributing factor to the obesity rate. Their lack of activity can cause pounds to pile on and that has nothing to do with McDonalds Fast-food. For instance fast-food has always made me feel sick to my stomach. My common sense would tell me that as good as it does taste my body does not like fast-food. When I was younger I gained a lot of weight because I would eat at McDonalds every chance I got. I was unaware that I could be making better choices and choose not to eat it. Kids today are uneducated on how to make healthier choices and live healthier lives with the influences of fast-food. Zinczenko states, â€Å"But most of the teenagers who live, as I once did, on a fast-food diet won’t turn their lives around: They’ve crossed under the golden arches to a likely fate of lifetime obesity† (Zinczenko 154). If the country believes that fast-food is the cause of childhood obesity then why do we still continue to eat it? People need to realize labels are not put on the food because if people really knew what was in the food they would not continue to eat it. Again that is where common sense should tell you that you should not eat fast-food. Although at a first glance People, including young and old, might say that fast-food is the cause of being obese. But on a closer inspection it is really the individuals fault. For example people are so quick to blame fast-food restaurants for making them obese that they jump right to suing the corporation, but are they actually doing something about the obesity. Zinczenko mentions in his article how one meal can contain â€Å"up around 1,040 calories which is half of the government’s recommended daily calorie intake. And that doesn’t take into account the 450-calorie super-size Coke† (Zinczenko 155). The calorie intake should tell anyone that eating this way and especially eating this way twice a day is extremely unhealthy and fattening. People need Poulin 4 to speak up and demand labels. Zinczenko says, â€Å"They would do well to protect themselves, and their customers, by providing the nutrition information people need to make informed choices about their products. Without such warnings, we’ll see more sick, obese children and angrier, litigious parents† (Zinczenko 155). Parents need to be more active in their children’s lives and teach them about healthy life styles that way in the future generations can be much healthier. In conclusion people need to take personal responsibility for their own weight and stop forcing the blame on fast-food corporations. Common sense should tell you that greasy food is not good for you and that it has no nutritional value. Many people can say that labels are the cause of obesity because they are uniformed about what they are eating. Labels are readily available at any fast-food chain and on their websites. People need to speak up and come up with a solution to this issue rather than be part of the problem. Common sense also says that if it is cooked in grease it is a good chance it is covered in fat. People are responsible for their own lives and they need to stop blaming others for their short comings. Ultimately what is at stake here is a healthier generation.

Managing Individual Performance Essay

Abstract This paper will discuss how managing individual performance have affected my personal and professional development. It will also briefly identify and discuss several written works on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs as well as the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Also this paper will discuss my experience through the Managing Individual Performance simulation and results improvement. Managing Individual Performance A good manager can motivate employees and equally to go the extra mile, and complete the unachievable, despite their limitations. As a leader and manager of people, it pays to understand what is important to each team member. Understanding motivation helps me to put my emotions and actions in perspective. Contemporary motivational theories recommend that managers should realize individual differences, evaluating needs correctly and addressing these through the right interventions. Criteria a team leader use when selecting members of a team Team leaders or managers must ensure that the teams and their projects have the ability to survive. To maintain the team’s viability, I included the following elements: proper membership, interpersonal skills, each member should be a contributor, a clear charter or purpose, achievable, noticeable results, understand and agreed-upon ground rules, and intensive teambuilding up front. The changes needed to improve team effectiveness across the organization do not involve individual teams, but rather the systems that support them. These systems include the following: organizational structure,  motivation, promotion and performance appraisal criteria, and compensation. In addition, Jeff Cowell and Jerry Michaelson (2000), recommend â€Å"in selecting team members, and prepare a draft charter† (p11). It is very important to prepare a draft charter where you can briefly describe the team’s purpose, and you can see candidates interest. Team selection in the simulation I selected the team in the following order: first, Michelle Levy for the build case files position, because she is a natural problem solver with good communication skills, and an investigative nature of collecting facts. My second selection was Lisa Srafford holding the moderate self-help groups. She has conflict management skills, ability to facilitate groups meeting and very patient in stressful situations. My third selection was Tony Wu to perform follow-ups. Tony has capability to interpret reported data, good observation skills, and his bachelors in business make him more capable in accounting for external factors. My last team member, Daniel Nichols, trainer with knowledge and domineering attitude, was selected to supervise confrontation sessions. His Master in Business Administration (MBA), prepared him to have good communication skills, excellent conflict management, and with his strong personality made him capable of build mutual respect, discipline, and motivation to victims while handling sensitive personal issues. Factors I need to consider in order manage my team effectively There are many factors in order to manage a team effectively. McShane-Von Glinow (2002) gives us six of the important elements â€Å"reward systems, communication systems, physical space, organizational environment, organizational structure, and leadership† (p232). Reward systems indicate that people tend to work more effectively when they are partly rewarded for their performance. Communication systems, maintain valuable information and feedback between team members. Physical space, with a good layout will improve communication between team members. Organizational environment and structure, where team members have secure resources for their performance. Last but not least, the most important factor is leadership to maintain the ongoing support from all executives to provide the right coaching,  motivation, and all elements mentioned. Individual’s personality play a role in the team’s success Kreitner (2003) describe personality as â€Å"the relatively stable pattern of behaviors and consistent internal states that explain a person’s behavioral tendencies† (p84). Personality has both internal which represent the thoughts, values, and genetic characteristics, and external elements are the observable behaviors. Also personality has recover credibility in organizations in the last years, the reason is that some personality habits predict some work-related behaviors and emotions under certain conditions, and stress reactions. Besides individual personality play a role in the team’s success because this help people find the jobs that best suit them and their company’s needs. Personality preference in the MBTI assessment and how this may affect the way an employee carries his or her tasks. Depending on the job description, you can find personality preference in the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). We have 16 distinct types. Some job description prefer ISFJs people with a high sense of duty, others prefer ENTJs because they are considered natural leaders. For example, corporate executives tend to be ESTJs, meaning that they are more extroverted, sensing, thinking and judging types, and so on. These types indicate a person’s preference. All of this may affect the way an employee carries his or her tasks because these types do not indicate the way he or she behaves all the time. I think that these indicators can limit the creativity and decision making besides limiting good people to perform a specific job in determinate area. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, how it affects motivation and my team choice. McShane-Von Glinow (2002), described Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs as â€Å"a content motivation theory of five instinctive needs arranged in a hierarchy, whereby people are motivated to fulfill a higher need as a lower one becomes gratified†(p133). From the bottom those are physiological, safety, belongingness, self-esteem, and the top is self-actualization. People have different levels of motivation, and they may fit one of those levels. As a leader you have to measure the needs of each member of your team, because  when you have to motivate or reward them, you can select the wrong level. According to Maslow the lowest needs are initially most important, but higher need become more important as the lower ones are satisfied. Maslow’s model may not predict employee needs as well as scholars initially expected. Team selection and how that falls on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs During the simulation, I selected the best people for the different positions. It was an 8 months project. I had my first situation during the second month. I failed at motivating one of my team members, giving me the wrong results. The same situation was present in month 4 with other team members. After I repeated the simulation and learn more about my team members needs, I overcame those situations successfully. Team selection performance, expectations and  factors in selecting strategies to motivate my team Money and other financial rewards are a fundamental part of the employment relationship. Also public recognition, awards, and membership will help employees to have better performance. It is important to know the different levels of needs mentioned before. You have to know what kind of an employee need have in that moment. Some of the factors include task performance, competencies, job status and seniority. Results improvement after running the simulation again I repeat the simulation three times, and definitely each time my results improved significantly. My weakness was motivating my team members with the inappropriate reward, giving as a result to the decrease in the team performance. Application of the lesson learned at my workplace Job design involves assigning task to a job and distributing work throughout the organization. Job specialization, which subdivides work into separate jobs for different people, increase work efficiency because employees achieve the tasks quickly, less training, and matching more closely with the jobs best suited to their skills. Although, reduce stress, problems, increase product or service quality, and decrease costs. Leadership is the process of influencing oneself to establish the right direction and  motivation needed to perform a task. Also I have to include personal goal setting, constructive thought, design the right rewards, self-monitoring, and self-reinforcement. Better knowledge of the needs of each team members will help leaders to make the right decisions without affecting the individual performance. Leaders require a process of observation, reflection, and evaluation. It necessitates that we take time periodically to think about what has happened. Were there conflicts? How were they handled? What has gone well and why has it? What has not gone well and why? Could we have done better? Most importantly, we must develop the skill of asking ourselves what steps we can take to be more effective either in our current team or as a member of future teams. As I said in the beginning, a good manager motivates people to achieve the impossible without limitations. This become possible only with a clear understanding of each individual needs with the help of all motivational theories recommended. This understanding is implemented though optimal intervention. Also evaluating needs correctly and addressing these though are the right interventions. References Bagraim, J. (2001). Organizational psychology and workplace control: the instrumentality of Corporate culture. South African Journal of Psychology; Sep2001, Vol.31, Issue 3 p43. Bower, M. (2003). Company philosophy:† the way we do things around here† McKinsey Quarterly; 2003 Issue 2, p110, 8p.3c. [University of Phoenix Special Edition Series]. Cowell, J., Michaelson, J. (2000). Flawless Teams. Executive Excellence, 17(3), 11.[University of Phoenix Special Edition Series] Kreitner, R. (2003). Organizational Behavior, Sixth Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill McShane-Von, G. (2003). Organizational Behavior, Second Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill

Water Crisis

Every day, the sun rises, and each night the sun sets. Ripples of the ocean turn into waves, rolling in and back out into the vast sea. Trees grow, creating crisp air to replenish aching lungs, and life, both human and beast, continue on throughout time. Mankind knows that the sun will rise. People are dependent on the rising and setting of this huge, flaming star; but with pollution, littering, and soaking up all of the natural resources, the world will cease to turn. In that event, can anyone still depend on the sun to rise? Imagine a world in which there was a shortage of water.Although lakes, oceans, rivers, and bays are natural resources, they are not everlasting. This world would become dry and cracked. Trees wouldn’t be able to grow; therefor oxygen would become scarce and rare. Imagine this horrifying land where eventually, the world runs out of water. That is the world we live in today. The scary part is, not everyone knows about it. According to http://www. concernus a. org, a website dedicated to the current water crises, â€Å"A child dies every 15 seconds from diseases caused by a lack of safe water and sanitation. Every year 1. million children dye from preventable diseases such as diarrhea, cholera and typhoid. † As the author’s illustrated, all of these diseases are due to unclean water. Blue Gold: World Water Wars is an intellectual documentary about the sanitation of water. As stated in this film, â€Å"Today, one in eight people still do not have access to safe drinking water and more than half of the diseases in the world are caused by unclean H2O. † The speaker claims that one out of every eight people will be diagnosed with a preventable disease because of the water crises.The video demonstrates that the cause of unsafe water is a direct result of humans mistreating natural resources. Oil spills, toxic fumes, and smoke billowing out of mills have contributed to infecting the sources of water. Richer nations such as the U. S use an insane amount of the world’s resources. For example, According to Flow, a documentary about abusing water, â€Å"Exploitation of natural resources like H20 -the majority of which is caused by wealthier nations-has caused an alarming devastation to the environment.The global water and sanitation crisis is mainly rooted in poverty, lack of education, and inequality, meaning the crisis is an issue of access. † This film conveys that poorer nations do not have adequate access to water. As a result, millions of women and children in developing countries walk several hours a day to collect water that is safe to drink, yet very often what they retrieve is still contaminated. In the United States, many people do not feel the urge to care or be concerned, because it does not directly harm them. Although sob stories from third world countries are tragedies, many citizens of rich nations do not feel the effects.If the world stays on its current path, it is only a matter of time before water as a whole runs out. When that time comes, everyone will embrace the end of days. There are ways in which people can help to save the planet. Over population, lack of hygiene, and no sanitation education all contribute to unclean water. A great way to begin rescuing the word’s water is to get educated about it. A huge part of the problem is that many people have no idea that the world has a limited supply of resources. Children who work to collect water for their families are sometimes denied an education, which, in turn, contributes to the cycle of poverty. www. concernusa. org). In developing countries, agriculture is by far the most important economic sector in the production of food. However, according to the UN, â€Å"an increasing number of regions are suffering from chronic water shortages. Severe, frequent droughts and limited water resources have a drastic impact on a population's means of earning a living and producing food. † A ccess to clean drinking water is what enables a nation to thrive. For instance, according to Running Dry, â€Å"Human Development is more closely linked to access to water and sanitation than any other sector, including health, education, or access to energy. The author details that water is the gateway to human development, and the lack of water in third world countries is what is slowing down their production. The world needs to make a change. As individuals, people can take shorter showers, lessen the time they leave the garden hose running, or do dishes in a more efficient way. Corporations can agree to decrease pollution, and as a result the water can become clean again. Although this will take a long time to reverse the effects, the time to act is now. Because of water, whether it is a clear brook or a foamy ocean spray, life is able to exist.Trees grow, oxygen is plentiful, people are able to harvest food, and surviving goes from possible to likely. The world wasn’t m eant to become dry and cracked. It needs water to thrive just like everyone else. If humans can limit their usage of water, then they can still depend on the spinning of the earth; and as time goes on, so will human existence. Sources Blue Gold: World Water Wars. 11/20/2011 Documentary www. concernusa. org. 11/15/2011. Website Flow 11/15/2011. Documentary Running Dry. 11/21/2011. Film/book

Research Report on Major Coffee Houses in the United Kingdom Paper

Report on Major Coffee Houses in the United Kingdom - Research Paper Example Major players such as Starbuck have started opening outlets at every nook and corner of the country to gain popularity and pose threats to its competitors. The competition has become so deadly with more and more entrants joined the market and started their innovative style in product and service. However, recent research findings show that "after a prolonged period of consistent year-on-year growth, much of the coffee shops market is now entering a phase of consolidation, as consumers and operators alike hunker down in reaction to the current economic recession" (Coffee Shops - Current and new strategies for success). Moreover, the trend in the market has also changed from conventional outlet to pubs and fast food especially among youth. At this juncture, this research paper explores the status of the coffee industry in the United Kingdom by means of a variety of methods such as PESTLE Analysis. The study covers the PESTLE analysis of four major players in the coffee industry of the country. The coffee houses selected for the present study are Starbucks, Caffe Nero, Costa Coffee, and Coffee Republic. The study begins with the preparation of a perceptual positioning map and its relevance. The study covers those coffee shops where coffee is a major item of sales and majority of the consumers visit the shops to consume branded coffee because of their loyalty to the brands. The research is not confined to a particular type of coffee. Instead, it includes different types of coffee products such as cappuccino, latte, mocha. For the purpose of the research coffee shops include venues such as individual stores, kiosks and concessions. It is also to be noticed that the research does not cover other coffee establishments such as in-, tea shops, store cafes or traditional cafes, restaurants, and sandwich shops. The study takes a sample survey among 30 coffee consumers of various brands. It seeks to explore that how the consumers of various coffee products rate their brand s and what motivate them to buy their brands. A Brief Account of the Profile of Selected Companies Starbucks Established in the year 1980 by Howard Schultz, Starbucks is a large coffee retailer conglomerate having around 11000 cafes spread across 40 countries around the globe. The main reason for the company's success has been its focus on quality and highest beverage processing standards including selection of the best coffee ingredients. The raw materials that go into making the coffee are extracted from the best Arabica coffee beans and there are no mixtures or additives.